腹主动脉瘤的发病机制及防治策略研究进展

Recent advances in the pathogenesis and preventive strategies of abdominal aortic aneurysm

摘要:

腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的主要病理表现为腹主动脉局部永久性扩张,一旦发生破裂将严重危及患者的生命。目前,AAA的治疗方法主要依赖于手术干预,缺乏预防或防止术后血管进一步扩张的药物。因此,解析AAA的发病机制并寻找有效的防治策略具有重要的意义。该文首先从血管平滑肌细胞表型转换、炎症反应和代谢重编程等研究方向,阐述了AAA形成的病理和分子机制。进而基于大量的动物研究和临床研究,从间充质干细胞、纳米材料和免疫调节剂等领域,总结了AAA的潜在治疗策略及药物,旨在为AAA的防治研究提供新的思路和方向。

Abstract:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by a localized and irreversible enlargement of the abdominal aorta, which poses a significant risk to life in the event of rupture. Currently, the primary treatment for AAA is surgical intervention, as there are no effective pharmacological therapies available to prevent or slow postoperative vascular dilation. Therefore, understanding the detailed pathogenesis of AAA and identifying effective prevention and treatment strategies is essential. This review begins by examining the pathological and molecular mechanisms involved in AAA, focusing on key research areas such as the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammation and metabolic reprogramming. Based on a large of animal and clinical studies, this review then explores therapeutic strategies and promising drugs for AAA, including mesenchymal stem cell therapy, nanomaterial applications, and immunomodulatory interventions. The review aims to provide researchers with new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of AAA.