辅酶Q10对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂水平和肠道菌群丰度的调控作用

The regulatory effects of coenzyme Q10 on blood lipid levels and intestinal flora abundance in atherosclerotic rats

摘要:

目的]探讨辅酶Q10(CoQ10)对动脉粥样硬化(As)大鼠的血脂水平和肠道菌群丰度的调控作用。 [方法]24只大鼠随机均分为对照组、As组和CoQ10干预组,As组和CoQ10干预组大鼠采用腹主动脉球囊损伤联合高脂饲料喂养2周复制As模型。造模次日开始灌胃给药,每日1次,连续4周。采用主动脉Movat染色、血脂水平验证CoQ10干预As的效果,使用宏基因组测序分析肠道内容物肠道菌群的丰度。 [结果]与对照组相比,As组大鼠主动脉组织存在内膜损伤,内弹力板结构紊乱,炎症浸润等改变；血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)水平升高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)水平降低(均P＜0.001)；与As组相比,CoQ10干预组大鼠主动脉内皮细胞结构和内弹力板结构相对规则,平滑肌细胞形态相对规整；血清TC、TG和LDLC水平降低,HDLC水平升高(均P＜0.001)。与对照组相比,As组大鼠肠道菌群生物多样性降低(均P＜0.01)；在门水平上,厚壁菌门和放线菌门的丰度下调,变形菌门的丰度上调；在属水平上,乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌属、阿克曼氏菌属、罗伊氏乳杆菌属、副拟杆菌属和唾液乳杆菌属的相对丰度下调,鼠肠杆菌属的相对丰度上调(均P＜0.05)。与As组相比,CoQ10干预恢复了As大鼠肠道菌群的生物多样性,并增加了厚壁菌门、放线菌门、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌属、阿克曼氏菌属、罗伊氏乳杆菌属、副拟杆菌属和唾液乳杆菌属的相对丰度,同时降低了变形菌门和鼠肠杆菌属的相对丰度(均P＜0.05)。 [结论]CoQ10能调节As大鼠的血脂水平,上调有益菌群的丰度,下调有害菌群的丰度,并调节肠道菌群的多样性。

Abstract:

Aim To investigate the regulatory effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on blood lipid level and intestinal flora abundance in atherosclerotic (As) rats. Methods 24 rats were randomly divided into control group, As group and CoQ10 intervention group. Rats in the As group and CoQ10 intervention group were fed with high-fat chow for 2 weeks, combined with abdominal aortic balloon injury to replicate the As model. CoQ10 was administered by gavage starting on the next day of modeling, once daily for 4 weeks. Aortic Movat's staining and lipid levels were used to verify the effect of CoQ10 intervention in As, and the abundance of intestinal flora in intestinal contents was analyzed using metagenomics. Results Compared with the control group, rat aortic tissues in the As group showed endothelial damage, structural disorganization of the internal elastic plate and inflammatory infiltration, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels were increased, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were decreased. Compared with the As group, the structure of the endothelial cells of the aorta and the structure of the endothelial cells, the internal elastic plates and the smooth muscle cell morphology were relatively regular, serum TC, TG and LDLC levels were decreased, and HDLC levels were increased in the CoQ10 intervention group. Compared with the control group, the intestinal bacterial biodiversity in the As group was reduced. At the phylum level, the abundance of the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes were down-regulated, whereas that of Proteobacteria was up-regulated. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Limosilactobacillus, Parabacteroides and Ligilactobacillus was down-regulated, and the relative abundance of Muribaculum was up-regulated. Compared with the As group, CoQ10 intervention restored the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota in As rats and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Limosilactobacillus, Parabacteroides and Ligilactobacillus, while reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Muribaculum (all P＜0.05). ConclusionCoQ10 can regulate blood lipid levels in As rats, upregulate the abundance of beneficial microbiota, downregulate the abundance of harmful microbiota, and modulate the diversity of the gut microbiota.