外泌体介导的细胞间通讯在动脉粥样硬化中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes mediated intercellular communication in atherosclerosis

摘要:

外泌体(Exo)是一类直径介于30~150 nm之间的细胞外囊泡,可携带来自供体细胞的蛋白质、脂质、RNA及其他生物活性分子。这些纳米级囊泡通过复杂的分泌机制被释放到细胞外环境中,参与多种生物过程,尤其在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。动脉粥样硬化(As)是一种慢性炎症性血管病变,以脂质沉积、血管壁炎症反应及管腔狭窄为主要特征。Exo在As的发生和发展过程中作为重要的信息传递载体,通过调控信号通路和基因表达,影响疾病的进程。本文综述了Exo的生物发生过程,探讨了Exo在As进程中的功能作用以及其在临床诊疗中的潜在应用前景。

Abstract:

Exosomes (Exo) are a class of extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, capable of carrying proteins, lipids, RNA, and other bioactive molecules derived from donor cells. These nanoscale vesicles are released into the extracellular environment through complex secretory mechanisms and participate in various biological processes, playing a particularly important role in intercellular communication. Atherosclerosis (As) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease characterized by lipid deposition, inflammatory responses in the vessel wall, and luminal stenosis. Exosomes serve as crucial information carriers in the initiation and progression of As, influencing the disease course by modulating signaling pathways and gene expression. This article reviews the biogenesis of exosomes, discusses their functional roles in the progression of As, and explores their potential applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment.