从环境暴露到心血管损伤:微塑料的病理机制与研究进展

Environmental exposure to cardiovascular damage:pathogenesis and research progress on microplastics

摘要:

塑料被广泛应用在人类生活的各个领域,带来便利的同时也导致了严重的环境污染问题,微塑料污染则是其衍生问题之一。微塑料是直径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒,目前广泛存在于环境中,因此人类面临可观的微塑料暴露风险。人体主要通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤与微塑料接触,当面临大量微塑料暴露时,部分微塑料会进入体内,并通过血液输送至全身,于多处组织和器官中积累,心血管系统中也被检测到了大量微塑料。本文系统性阐述了人体微塑料的暴露及其引发的损伤,强调心血管系统中微塑料的分布和病理损害,分析其造成心血管损伤的病理机制,并追踪其相关临床研究进展。本文旨在从心血管损伤的角度评估微塑料的病理风险,为疾病预防及微塑料污染的科学防控提供依据。

Abstract:

Plastics are widely used in all areas of human life, providing convenience while also causing serious environmental pollution problems. Microplastic pollution is one of its derivative problems. Microplastics are plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. They are currently widely present in the environment, so humans are at considerable risk of exposure to microplastics. Humans are mainly exposed to microplastics through the respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin. When exposed to a large number of microplastics, some of them will enter the body and be transported throughout the body via the bloodstream, accumulating in multiple tissues and organs. A significant amount of microplastics has also been detected in the cardiovascular system. This paper systematically describes human exposure to and damage by microplastics, highlighting the distribution and pathological damage of microplastics in the cardiovascular system. The pathological mechanisms of cardiovascular damage caused by microplastics are analyzed, and relevant clinical research progress is followed. This paper aims to evaluate the pathological risk of microplastics from the perspective of cardiovascular damage, and provide a basis for disease prevention and scientific prevention and control of microplastic pollution.