转运RNA衍生片段在心血管疾病调控作用中的研究进展

Research progress of transfer RNA derived fragments in cardiovascular diseases

摘要:

心血管疾病(CVD)作为全球范围内引发死亡的主要病因,给社会带来了沉重负担。转运RNA衍生片段(tRF)是一类新兴的非编码小RNA,主要由前体或成熟转运RNA(tRNA)特异性切割产生。与传统tRNA的氨基酸转运功能不同,tRF在基因转录、翻译调控和表观遗传修饰中发挥重要作用,并参与调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等病理生理过程。近年来,随着小RNA测序技术的广泛应用,越来越多的研究表明tRF与多种CVD的发生和发展密切相关,使其成为该领域的研究热点。本文系统综述tRF的起源、分类、功能机制及其在CVD中的最新研究进展,以期为揭示CVD的发病机制和发掘潜在治疗靶点提供新的方向。

Abstract:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, posing a substantial burden on society. Transfer RNA-derived fragment (tRF) is a novel class of non-coding small RNA produced primarily through the specific cleavage of precursor or mature transfer RNA (tRNA). Unlike the canonical role of tRNA in amino acid transport, tRF plays important roles in regulating gene transcription, translation, and epigenetic modifications, thereby influencing pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In recent years, with the widespread application of small RNA sequencing technologies, a growing number of studies have demonstrated close associations between tRF and the development and progression of various CVDs, making them a research hotspot in the field. This review systematically summarizes the origin, classification, functional mechanisms, and recent advances in tRF research related to CVD, aiming to provide new directions for understanding the pathogenesis of CVD and identifying potential therapeutic targets.