心脏康复领域新探索:精准评估与实践模式的创新进展

New explorations in cardiac rehabilitation:innovative progress in precise evaluation and practical models

摘要:

心脏康复是心血管疾病全周期管理与二级预防的核心综合干预体系。循证医学证据表明,该体系可有效改善患者的心肺功能、运动耐力与生活质量,降低再入院率及心血管不良事件发生风险,目前已被国内外多项权威指南列为Ⅰ类推荐方案。现阶段我国心血管疾病患病人数众多,心脏康复事业虽稳步发展,但仍存在患者参与率偏低、规范化程度不足、评估体系单一、干预方案同质化、特殊人群管理薄弱等问题。该文结合本专栏5项研究,从预后标志物探索、非运动心肺功能预测模型构建、传统运动康复机制解析、心脏外科围手术期康复四个维度梳理领域前沿成果,客观评价各项技术与方案的临床价值、应用优势及局限性,并展望未来发展方向,旨在为我国心脏康复的临床实践、科研创新与学科建设提供循证参考与理论支撑。

Abstract:

Cardiac rehabilitation is a core comprehensive intervention system for the full-cycle management and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Evidence-based medicine has demonstrated that this system can effectively improve patients' cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance, and quality of life, reduce readmission rates and the risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Currently, it has been listed as a Class I recommended plan by multiple authoritative guidelines at home and abroad. At present, there are a large number of cardiovascular disease patients in China. Although the cardiac rehabilitation industry is steadily developing, there are still problems such as low patient participation rate, insufficient standardization, single evaluation system, homogeneous intervention plans, and weak management of special populations. This article combines five studies in this column to explore prognostic markers, construct non-exercise cardiopulmonary function prediction models, analyze traditional exercise rehabilitation mechanisms, and review cutting-edge achievements in the field of perioperative rehabilitation in cardiac surgery. It objectively evaluates the clinical value, application advantages, and limitations of various technologies and plans, and looks forward to future development directions, aiming to provide evidence-based reference and theoretical support for clinical practice, scientific research innovation, and disciplinary construction of cardiac rehabilitation in China.